Modifications of the YaMZ-238DE2 engine

YaMZ-238 engines

Serial production of this engine began back in the 60s and it is still produced, but in more modern versions. Today, other power plants are produced that were made on the basis of the YaMZ-238. Thus, they may differ in the principle of ignition installation, the cylinder head tightening pattern, the maximum level of injector pressure, as well as how much horsepower such a unit has. The production of engines at YaMZ began back in the 20s. They were intended for the first Soviet heavy-duty vehicles, carrying a payload of 3-7 tons. And already in the 30s, YaMZ (then YaAZ) power plants began to be installed on dump trucks and other special equipment.

The engine is installed on various equipment

Description

Since 1947, serial production of the first diesel power plants with 6 cylinders began. These engines were the YaAZ-204, as well as the YaAZ-206, which developed power up to 220 hp. Subsequently, based on the experience gained during their production and use, the production of the YaMZ-236, which was newer at that time, began, as well as the YaMZ-238. These were the best power plants of that period, which were distinguished by high power, reliability and versatility . These parameters allowed them to be used for various types of vehicles. Thus, engines with 4, 6 or 8 cylinders were produced. The maximum power of this family was 500 hp. With.

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After the transfer of truck production to MAZ, YaAZ completely switched to creating exclusively power plants. It was the largest plant for the production of diesel engines in the USSR, which were installed on 300 different models of trucks, buses and other vehicles. It is difficult to distinguish the parameters of such units from a photo of the engine, but over time they improved, the valve clearance decreased, and better oil filters began to be installed, due to increased requirements for operating conditions. Today YaMZ also has a full production cycle, which starts from casting and press, to assembly and testing, as well as a repair shop.

Currently, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant is part of the GAZ Group.

Characteristics of YaMZ-238

Technical characteristics of the YaMZ-238 engine

Separately, it should be said about the technical characteristics of the YaMZ-238 turbo. It is a four-stroke diesel power plant with 8 working cylinders and a V-shaped arrangement. It is equipped with a direct fuel injection system. In addition to the turbocharged model, a classic naturally aspirated unit is also available. In total, there are about 25 different modifications of the power plant, some of which are turbocharged and designated as the DE series. Modern models comply with environmental standards of the Euro-2 category.

Modifications of YaMZ 238

This diesel engine is considered one of the most popular among the entire list of products of the Yaroslavl plant. It is practically no different from YaMZ-236 engines. The base power of the power plant starts at 180 hp. With. A more forced version has a power of 240 hp. With. Turbocharged and deformed engines of the YaMZ-238/G2 model have great power indicators. They differ from the classic “atmospheric” options by the presence of a powerful turbine.

Engine diagram

During the development of turbocharged models, certain changes were made to the design, especially to the piston group. The fuel pump was redesigned, as was the crankshaft. Engines of the Euro-1 Turbo modification also belong to the modified version of the classic Euro-0. As a result of further modification of the power plants, Euro-2 Turbo variants began to be produced, which are designated today as the DE series. On internal combustion engines of the latest series, special high-pressure pumps are installed.

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Specifications

Common motor problems

The main breakdowns that are inherent in YaMZ-238 engines are considered typical for most diesel units. To eliminate problems with motors, it is necessary to identify the original cause. Usually this:

1. Violations of technical requirements: use of poor fuel or low quality lubricants.
2. Operational damage: clogging of the cooling system radiator with dirt, crushing of the oil pan, loosening of certain connections, violation of the ignition timing, as well as problems with the turbine.

Engine adjustments

Servicing of such an engine should be carried out regularly every 25 thousand km. This procedure itself is a whole complex of operations, the purpose of which is to give the proper technical condition to components and individual parts. Thus, maintenance includes the following procedures:

1. Adjustment of valves. It is important to follow the order in which the valves are adjusted.
2. Change oil and filters.
3. Checking the tightening torque of threaded connections. After the tightening torque of the YaMZ 236 cylinder head has been tightened, the thermal clearances present in the valve mechanism should be adjusted.
4. Cleaning injectors.
5. Other operations aimed at engine maintenance.

The YaMZ-238 turbocharged power plant is one of the most common models produced at the Yaroslavl plant. Over the entire production period, about 25 different modifications were produced, including turbocharged versions. The main problems with such engines are typical for other diesel units.