Wheel rim bolt pattern how to measure

Size indicators

When purchasing a car, especially the first one, the owner rarely thinks about the fact that he should choose wheels carefully. Kits on the market often differ because they are designed for different cars, although there may not be any visible differences.

In order for the selection to be accurate and the wheels to fit the car, a number of sizes are taken into account. If there is an error in determining one of them, the disks will not be installed, but even if successful, operation of the machine will become unsafe. Before measuring the bolt pattern, you should understand what is included in it. Among the main sizes:

• number of holes for mounting the wheel (in the marking it is designated as LZ);
• distance between screw holes;
• the diameter of the circle along the edges of which holes for the bolts are made (in the disk marking it is designated as PCD);
• hub window indicator (you can find it out by the DIA number);
• degree of disc overhang (the ET marking is responsible for it).

Each of the characteristics is important when choosing a disk set. Their accounting becomes mandatory if wheels are purchased remotely - if they are incompatible, you will need to spend time communicating with the seller, returning the goods, or searching for a new set.

Passenger cars typically use 3-6 bolts per disc, which is much less than trucks. Given the diameter and weight of their wheels, each requires 12-15 bolts to secure.

Important! Domestic cars, especially Soviet-made ones, mostly have 4 bolts for installing disks. The Niva is an exception; its wheels use 5 bolts.

You can determine the exact number of fasteners needed to mount the wheels by looking at the stock wheels. By simple inspection it will become clear how many sockets are in the wheel and how many bolts are needed for them.

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How to measure yourself

It’s possible to find out the bolt pattern yourself; this is possible with a ruler (preferably a caliper). They measure the distance between the windows, and the ruler has an error because it does not take into account the bend. You can take measurements in several ways, which are combined for greater accuracy.

Adjacent holes

This parameter is determined taking into account the indicator of the circle where the central part of the slot made for the mounting bolts is located. The diameter can be easily calculated using a ruler, although a compatibility table has been developed for popular cars. If a ruler is used, then the distance between adjacent bolts is measured in a straight line.

The resulting figure is multiplied by a coefficient determined by the number of holes in the disk. It should be said right away that the transverse circumference of VAZ cars is standardized at 98 mm, and in Niva it is 139.7 mm. The coefficients are as follows:

• 3 bolts - 1.155;
• 4 fasteners - the value for multiplication is 1.414;
• 5 — 1,701;
• 6 bolts - 2;
• 10 pins - 3.326.

Far windows

Instead of nearby holes, you can determine the bolt pattern even with a ruler with minimal error, using distant windows. The easiest way to measure wheels is if there is an even number of bolts - 4,6,8. The length of a straight line drawn between opposite holes will indicate the required value.

If there are 5 bolts on the disk, the distance between holes that are not adjacent is measured. The resulting figure is multiplied by a coefficient of 1.051, which gives the most accurate PCD result.

Hub window diameter

The hub center window size is specified in the bolt pattern charts and the complete bolt pattern formula mentioned below. Even if there is no ready-made information at hand, the results can be easily obtained with a ruler or a more accurate caliper. For example, the window diameter in the VAZ model 2110 is made at 58.6 mm.

Interesting!

It is not always possible to measure this indicator due to the irregular shape; Daewoo Nexia has such in its pre-restyling body.

In addition to the listed characteristics, disc offset is also important. It refers to the location of the vertical axes of symmetry of the wheel in relation to the point of alignment with the hub. The offset can be negative, as well as zero or positive, but even if the selection for it was unsuccessful, the disk can be installed. This is undesirable, because the car’s suspension will begin to function incorrectly and will greatly impair driving safety.

List of cars with a million-dollar engine. Read and envy

In the opinion of most car enthusiasts, a list of cars with a million-dollar engine is decisive evidence in the dispute about whose cars can be considered the most reliable. Legendary models are put forward as indisputable arguments in the battles between supporters of European and Japanese cars. Fans of the “Americans” often get involved in the dispute. Even if none of the debaters have ever seen such a car, the main thing is to know that it exists. Or at least once existed. The dreams and legends of a car that never breaks down and can run further than you can imagine will never die. However, these dreams cannot be called completely groundless: mythical cars, whose engines have an estimated mileage of 1 million km, were actually produced. We have not found a single reliable evidence that any of them actually covered the planned distance, but after 600-700 thousand km you can be absolutely sure. The list of cars with a million-dollar engine is actually not so small. There was a time period when the desire to equip cars with an indestructible engine spread almost throughout the world. Some companies stuck with this idea until the new millennium. BMW family If we compare the number of models capable of running the maximum distance without major repairs, then the Bavarians can be considered the winners. At different times, they gave the world several models designed for millions of kilometers. The automaker equipped its cars 5-7 models with the BMW M30 engine from 1968 to 1994. Engine volumes were different, from 2.5 to 3.4 liters, producing 150-220 horses. Reliability was ensured by a simple design, and half a million BMWs of those years ran without difficulty. And they often did not reach the ordered result not because of the engines, but because of difficulties with rear-wheel drive. The next version - the BMW M50 - was somewhat inferior in power to the previous one (maximum 192 hp with a volume of 2.5 liters) and lived a slightly shorter life: from 1992 to 1997, but in terms of reliability it still proudly held the banner, and a mileage of 500-600 thousand km for these engines was considered something ordinary. BMW M57: in-line 6-cylinder, with a power of 201-268 hp, installed on almost all models born in 1998-2008, from 3 to 7 series. It was also supplied to the off-road legend - the Range Rover.BMW M60 (this is already a V8) was installed on 5 and 7 in 1992-1998. An innovation in it was the installation of nikasil cylinders, which had extremely high hardness and were considered virtually non-wearable. True, fragility and intolerance to sulfur inclusions in the fuel were added to the characteristics, so the version was discontinued and Nikasil was replaced with alusil. The most successful option for the Germans was, perhaps, the M57. But even with it, cars have long since disappeared from the race. Japanese proposals Millionaires were produced by different companies and at different times. Some concerns started even earlier than the Bavarians - and also stopped producing cars with such engines earlier. Toyota turned out to be the most prolific. The Toyota 3S-FE series engine was installed in 1986-2000. on Camry (the last one came out in 1991), Celica T200, Carina (this one survived right up to 1998), Corona T170 / T190, Avensis (long-lived: with such an engine it was produced back in 2000), RAV4 (can also be found in 2000) , Picnic (there is even a 2002 model with the above engine). The engine was especially good at its high tolerance to poor maintenance with high loads and good maintainability. Toyota 1JZ-GE and 2JZ-GE engines are truly a legend. Years of life – 1990-2007; They were equipped, in particular, with Mark II, Crown, Soarer, Chaser, Supra and the Americans Lexus Is 300, GS300. A million kilometers on them is a recorded fact. The million-dollar Mitsubishi 4G63 engines appeared in 1982, and varieties are still found today, not only in native models, but also in Kia and Hyundai products, although whether they can be called million-dollar engines is a question. Only naturally aspirated versions are considered capable of covering 1 million km. The latest model released is Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution IX 2006. The next “Japanese” with a long service life is the Honda D-series. The engine had a long line of varieties: volumes varied between 1.2 and 1.7 liters. The engines were produced in 1984-2005. They were supplied with HR-V, Civic, Stream, Acura Integra, Accord. Related articles:

• “How to decipher a Japanese car auction sheet”;
• “How to determine the year of manufacture of a Japanese car.”

To be honest, the list of cars with a million-dollar engine is interesting rather hypothetically.
Calculations at the level of school arithmetic show that with an average annual mileage of 25 thousand km, the service life of the engine will be exhausted in 40 years. During this time, all the filling will fall out in the car, even if the engine honestly continues to pull. In addition, the same statistics show that in Europe and Japan people prefer not to keep a car for more than 5 years, and this period is decreasing every year. Probably, all this together led to the cessation of production of cars with such a resourceful engine. AutoFlit.ru

Bolt pattern formulas

To accurately determine whether the kit and car make are compatible, bolt pattern formulas are used that indicate the parameters of the disks. There are abbreviated and full values, but absolutely all parameters are indicated only in the latter.

Full

This formula is used by disc manufacturers who apply the appropriate markings to their products. It looks like: 8Jx15 H2 4x100 ET0 D54.1 and for an inexperienced car owner it is a random set of numbers and letters. In fact, each parameter can be deciphered:

1. 8 Jx15 - the first number indicates the width of the rim, the diameter being 15 inches. The X here represents the type of wheel, in this case they are cast or forged. The letter J indicates the possibility of using the wheel only on cars with single-wheel drive - rear or front, because all-wheel drive is designated as JJ.
2. H2 - Displays the number of haps, which are otherwise called horse lugs. They hold tubeless tires on the rim and there are products with one hub or without it at all. These elements secure the tire, preventing it from depressurizing, and also help to corner more efficiently.
3. 4x100 is a PCD indicator, the first digit in which reflects the number of bolt sockets, the second - the transverse diameter of the circle.
4. ET0 - gives an understanding of the disc offset, in this case it is zero. If the number is 40, this is a positive offset, and the designation ET-40 shows a negative offset.
5. D54.1 - this designation indicates the diameter of the hub window, the figure is given in millimeters.

The diameter and width of the wheel rim are indicated in inches, while other characteristics are reflected in millimeters.

Abbreviated

The abbreviated digital characteristic is simplified; it contains only two indicators. the 4x98 formula reflects that the wheel has 4 bolts located along a 100 mm circumference. This is the standard bolt pattern of the VAZ 2110; other cars also have circles from 100 to 139.7.

Before purchasing wheels, measure the hub. There may be no differences, for example, a disk with a 98-th circle will visually fit on a hub with a diameter of 100. In practice, such a disk will not fit tightly to the hub, the wheel will be skewed, and safety will be at risk.

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Bolt tables

Calculating the bolt pattern is rarely used, because there are compatibility tables. The driver needs to find a table for a specific model and look at the parameters for it. They include all popular cars used in Russia.

This table does not contain all the bolt patterns, because there are many more cars. You need to look for the bolt pattern yourself for a specific car, this will help you accurately select the wheels.

Additionally! If the discs are still selected incorrectly, they can be processed by widening the hub window and changing the locations of the holes for the bolts. This is very difficult to do; in most cases, attempts end not only in disk damage, but also in accidents.

The disc bolt pattern is extremely important, because if it is selected incorrectly, the suspension will not work as it should and the car may get into an accident. To make an accurate choice, they focus on several indicators, including the diameter of the hub, the number of holes, and the size of the circle. There are also bolt patterns that will allow you to quickly select a set of wheels compatible with your car.