Replacing valve guides on a VAZ 2109 Becoming a mechanic

Previously, cast iron was used to make the cylinder head. Holes were drilled in it into which valves were inserted. There was no need for guide bushings, since cast iron is wear-resistant. By the end of the 20th century, automakers abandoned cast iron cylinder heads. This was due to the large weight of cast iron and poor heat dissipation. The advantage of aluminum alloys: good thermal conductivity, light weight and easy processing, but they quickly wear out from friction. Therefore, an additional part was introduced into the cylinder head design - the valve guide bushing.

Causes of premature valve sleeve wear

Since valve guides are installed inside the cylinder head and are made (depending on the engine model) from cast iron, bronze, brass or alloys, not every car enthusiast knows about their existence. This is due to the fact that the life of the bushings is from 200,000 km.

The only malfunction is mechanical wear of the inner surface as a result of friction. The following factors influence the rate of wear:

timeliness of engine oil replacement and quality;
temperature regime of internal combustion engine operation;
fuel mixture quality;
serviceability of the power system;
correct adjustment of the ignition system;

As a result of guide wear, the valve stem loses centering and moves skewed, which does not provide the necessary tightness between the seat and the valve plate. As a result, oil enters the combustion chamber and a burning combustible mixture breaks into the intake or exhaust manifold, which leads to premature wear of components and parts.

Symptoms of wear

The main symptom of worn guide bushings is increased engine oil consumption. This is due to the fact that when the valve stroke is decentralized, the valve stem seals stop doing their job and engine oil enters the cylinders through the increased gap between the valve and the inner part of the bushing.

Signs of increased oil consumption due to worn bushings are as follows:

blue smoke from the exhaust pipe;
increased smoke from a running engine;
carbon deposits on the spark plug electrode have a light fluffy appearance;
presence of oil on the skirt or threads.

Final stage - development

It happens that when installing valves, they do not fit into the new bushings. This is due to the fact that when pressed in, the guides may slightly change their internal diameter. This is where reamers come to the rescue, with which our spare part is bored to the required diameter. We apply sequentially one after another in an increasing manner. At the same time, measurements are taken after each use. It is better to take diamond reamers straight away, since steel ones deteriorate much faster.

Reaming guide bushings 8.022 mm

As mentioned at the very beginning, valve guides, despite their apparent simplicity, are one of the basic elements of the gas distribution mechanism. Understanding this point, as well as the possible consequences in the event of a malfunction, will save a lot of nerves, time and money.

How to determine if the guide bushings are worn out

Oil also gets into the cylinders due to malfunction of parts of the cylinder-piston group. To exclude this cause, it is necessary to measure the compression. This will prevent piston ring failure.

Inspect the spark plugs. The most fouled spark plug indicates problems in that cylinder. Next, we inspect the motor for wear on the guides in the following order:

Unscrew the nuts securing the valve cover to the cylinder head and remove it.
Loosen the chain and, aligning the marks, unscrew and remove the camshaft gear.
Gradually and one by one, unscrew the camshaft bed and remove it.
Remove the rocker arms, unlock the valve springs of the cylinder in which the spark plug is most covered with soot.
Carefully remove the oil seal and rock the valve sideways, moving it up and down. If there is lateral play during movement, the bushing needs to be replaced.

In operating condition, the gap between the valve and the guide is minimal and does not allow the valve to move in the horizontal direction (only up or down). Therefore, any sideways wobble means wear on the bushing.

Before buying new guides, it is advisable to remove the valves and bring them to the store. And when choosing, be sure to try their fit on the valve stem.

The guide bushing on the valve stem should move easily, but should not be loose.

This is necessary so that in the future you do not have to go to the store again if the bushings do not fit for some reason.

Why do you need a guide bushing?

The guide bushing can quite rightly be considered the main element on which the resource and proper operation of the “seat - valve plate” tandem depends. The material from which the part is made and its design itself are primarily aimed at working under conditions of high speeds of the valve stem fixed in it, constant high-temperature loads and the almost complete absence of lubrication in the valve-bushing pair.

Causes and consequences of deformation

The described conditions lead to the fact that during engine operation, the valve guide bushing also wears out, which is why, over time, its alignment with the valve stem may be disrupted. Subsequently, the part breaks even more and the valve begins to “walk” and does not fit tightly to its seat, and this, in turn, leads to the chamfer of the seat breaking over time. As a consequence, you can get a burnout of the valve and have to replace the seat.

Appearance of bronze guide bushings for VAZ 2108–2109 models

Also, due to the “walking” of the valve in a broken guide, the oil seals can quickly become unusable. They simply will not be able to hold oil with increased angular displacement of the valve stem. The result will be oil getting into the engine, and if you also take into account that more oil will pass through the broken bushing than usual, then the situation will not be pleasant. Carbon deposits on valves and other parts around the combustion chamber will increase, the level of harmful exhaust emissions will increase, and you may end up with a prematurely failed catalytic converter. And simply replacing the valve stem seals is not enough, as the problem will soon return again.

The procedure for replacing valve guides for VAZ cars

To replace it, you must dismantle the cylinder head and additionally have a special attachment for removal and installation. However, do not be alarmed, since the design of the attachment is simple, and instead use available tools that match the parameters of the bushing.

We remove the attachments that interfere with the removal of the cylinder head.
Remove the valve cover.
We loosen the timing chain and remove the camshaft gear (do not forget to align the marks).
We dismantle the cylinder head and place it on a clean, flat surface.
We remove the camshaft with the bed (unscrew the nuts gradually, otherwise the bed will become skewed and you will not be able to remove it).
Remove the rocker arms and springs.
Checking the valve play. Where it is, we remove the valves; where it is not, we install springs in place.
We turn the cylinder head over and knock out the guides from the side of the combustion chamber with a tool.
We install new bushings and assemble the engine (when assembling, do not forget to observe the tightening torque of the nuts and its order).

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