Checking and replacing door limit switches on Lada cars
To increase safety (so that the driver does not start driving with the door open and for the alarm to work), cars are equipped with open door sensors (popularly “limit switches” or “limit switches”). Their malfunction causes the interior lighting to work incorrectly and prevents the car from being armed. Let's figure out how to check and, if necessary, replace door switches.
Types and Applications
The end cap can be protective or functional. The first is used to activate downward movement, and the second is used to regularly turn lights or similar objects on and off. Both varieties are actively used in construction, mechanical engineering, metallurgy and industrial automation.
It is also worth pointing out that it can be roller, lever, float and push-button. There are microswitches, the scope of which is electronics and household appliances.
Scope of equipment application
Mechanical
Mechanical or contact conductors are those that operate at the moment of direct action on a pin with a button, wheel or lever. Provides a control signal with a warning. A serious disadvantage of each of these varieties is burning with contact sticking during repeated switching on and off.
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The mechanical type is push-button, roller and lever. It is used in production and metallurgical workshops, machinery and construction. Equipped with a rubber seal and make/break contacts.
The mechanical variety is one of the most common
Push-button
Push-button conductors are used to turn on lights or other electrical devices by pressing a button. The impact can be either by pressing a button or by pressing an extended rod. Installing them takes a short time.
Roller
Switches are electromechanical devices designed to control objects. Widely distributed in industrial and domestic spheres. Such devices operate not due to an electric pulse, but due to mechanical action on the roller. At the moment of effort, the contact closes or opens, and a control or signaling type signal is sent. Similar products are used in metallurgy, construction and mechanical engineering.
Note! Most often, they are equipped with making and breaking contacts and rubber seals.
Roller variety as a simply plug-in model
Lever
Limit switches operating due to an actuator or door. They have a similar operating principle as push-button models. The main difference is the presence of a lever connected to the moving part of the contacts. It is worth pointing out that float and slider models work in a similar way.
Contactless
Limit switches that are triggered when an object approaches in a certain area. Created as opposed to the mechanical type and refers to perfect models. They operate thanks to transistor switches with low resistance. Non-contact models are capacitive, inductive, optical and ultrasonic.
Contactless modern model
Capacitive
End switches that interact with people. At the moment a person approaches, an electrical capacitance is created, thanks to which the multivibrator operates. The closer the person, the greater the capacitance and the lower the pulse frequency. This element has great sensitivity.
Note! The main function lies on the plate tightly attached to the capacitor part.
Inductive
Electronic proximity switches that respond to the moment the magnet moves. Depending on the equipment of the metal or non-magnetic core in the sensor, electrical impulses are generated, thanks to which the key is closed or opened.
The inductive model as one of the classic
Optical
Limit switches equipped with an infrared LED and a special transistor that pick up the signal. The phototransistor works no matter what the lighting is. When the LED beam is interrupted, the photocell closes. This turns off the actuator where it is connected.
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Limit switches equipped with an infrared LED and a special transistor that detect the phototransistor.
Ultrasonic
Limit switches equipped with quartz sound emitting elements. Volumetric motion sensors are also used. The amplitude of the sound changes when quartz sound elements appear within the operating radius.
Easy to work with ultrasonic model
Magnetic
Conductors that are activated when a certain spatial point approaches. They are tuned to a magnet, which is part of the design of the moving mechanism. They have one or more ferromagnetic contacts. When the magnet approaches, the contacts close, and a signal about this is sent to the control circuit. The main advantage of such a device is the complete absence of mechanical action and a noticeable increase in service life. Each magnetic limit switch is created in a glass or plastic housing.
Note! It has miniature dimensions.
Automotive
Limit switches used in signaling with lighting. They belong to the mechanical model, since they have the same operating principle. By design, they have one output with a connected positive potential and a negative terminal - a housing that is clamped to a metal body. In this case, it is necessary that the limit switches be protected from paint.
Spindle
Limit switches limiting the movement mechanism, used as a limit switch. Can be used where there is shaft rotation. Thanks to the rotating mechanisms, the contact group of the input limiter, rotating shaft or cyclic control limit switch is switched.
Spindle model as the easiest to work
Pneumatic
Conductors that respond to system pressure, which stops the supply of air with any gas. Devices that stop compressed air or other gas by pressing a control button or lever. At the same time, there are varieties that are triggered when a specific system pressure is reached.
Replacement
To remove the limit switches, open the doors, then:
- remove the protective cover from the sensor by simply pulling it towards you.
- pry off the limit switch with a screwdriver
- remove the limit switches by snapping off the three latches
- disconnect the block with wires.
On some Lada models (for example, Lada Priora or Niva 4x4), the limit switches are attached to the body with a screw.
On the Lada XRAY the limit switch is located in the door lock and changes along with the lock.
Installation is carried out in reverse order.
Limit switch function
The effect of this button is that when the doors are open, a special symbol lights up on the panel.
If, when setting the alarm, the door is not closed or not completely closed, that is, the limit switch is open, then the “alarm” will definitely notify you about this. In some car models, if the keys are in the ignition when the driver's door is open, it is impossible to lower the door locking pawl on it, and the automation will immediately raise all the locks. This will help avoid such a common situation as accidentally slamming the keys in the lock. Limit switches operate both for opening and closing.
If you turn off the limit switches, the open door indication will stop working. Then problems with the alarm may arise. In addition, there are situations when a light is needed in the trunk or interior.
Wiring check
Instructions for cars of the B0 assembly line (XRAY, Largus, Nissan Almera, Renault Duster, Sandero). Remove the limit switch and set the multimeter to voltmeter mode. We measure the voltage at the contacts of the block with the wires:
- If there is no voltage, the circuit of the interior lamp lamp or the lamp itself is faulty.
- if the voltage is significantly less than 12 V, the wire connecting the sensor to ground is probably damaged.
We set the multimeter to ohmmeter mode, connect one probe to ground (body), and the other to the terminal of the block with the black wire. The resistance should be close to zero. If the resistance is high and tends to infinity, the connection between the wire and the body is probably damaged by corrosion or the wire is damaged (treat the connection with a product to protect electrical contacts). If the fault cannot be resolved in this way, it is necessary to remove the interior trim from the pillar, find and fix the fault.
Vehicle configuration
Many Lada car owners are faced with factory defects. The modern Granta model was no exception. After purchasing a vehicle, the owner discovers flaws in the alarm system and interior lighting. At the first inspection of the Lada Grant, it turns out that either there is no standard wiring to the door limit switches, or there are no buttons at all.
Electromechanical devices complete a circuit when the door is opened. In this case, power is supplied to the interior lamp. At the same time, a pulse is sent to the signaling circuit. But AvtoVAZ decided to save on such “little things” as limit switches. Owners of a new car need to eliminate these shortcomings themselves.
There are differences in the alarm connection diagrams between different configurations of the VAZ 2190:
- Standard. Instead of buttons, plastic plugs are inserted into the seats. There is no wiring in this modification.
- Lada is normal. The limit switch is on the driver's door, and the remaining mounting holes have plugs, but wiring is installed.
- VAZ 2190 luxury. There is a complete set of end elements in all doors. But only the driver's limit switch turns on the lighting lamp and the door open indicator on the dashboard. When the passenger door is opened, only the lights will come on.
Checking the door switch
When the rod is recessed, the contacts are open. First of all, we check the serviceability of the sensors by opening all the car doors one by one.
Check with a multimeter. We connect a multimeter to the limit switch terminals in ohmmeter mode and check the closure of the sensor contacts (the contacts must be closed, the resistance is close to zero). We press the sensor rod and check the measurements (the contacts must be open - the resistance tends to infinity).
Let us remind you that in some cases (for example, in the cold season) limit switches may work intermittently. For Lada Vesta, Grant and Kalina 2 you can use this solution, and for Priora this.
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Connection rules
Despite the fairly simple design of limit switches, they are used in electrical equipment where there are complex electrical circuits. As a result, they must be connected by specialists who know how to work with circuit diagrams for connecting limit switches. The sensor is connected with two wires, red and black. The first is under voltage, the second is without it. They are installed in the circuit as indicated in the diagram.
When the device is triggered, a click is created. The indicator type of switch is connected in the same way as a regular mechanical one. There is also a third green wire. The LED will indicate that the switch has tripped with a click.
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Note! Operation failure may occur due to dust and sunlight. If the optical pair works, the light-emitting diode turns on.
Equipment connection specifics
Electrics, sensors, battery Lada Vesta
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Where is the door switch on Kalina
If there are such limit switches
You change them silently, and that’s it. Oxidized, not oxidized - cleaning will no longer help. These limit switches cost pennies and are sold everywhere, they can be changed in a minute or two.
It is not clear why they asked about cleaning. I've never asked myself this question. No contact means ejection.
shnivskie - good quality
in viburnum there is no need for such, there is only one, it seems - in the end of the handbrake. no problem.
And there will be plastic crap sticking out
I like the design of the Priora better, and the sizes. I saw Kalina, Priora, and a VAZ-2110 on the street, next to each other. Kalina is kind of tiny compared to the other two cars. Regarding the quality of workmanship, it will be the same everywhere, a Russian car is a Russian car. It still won't be a foreign car.
I won’t consider electronic crap like a navigator built into the instrument panel, an airbag and pre-tensioned seat belts.
Now let’s look at Kalina’s shortcomings: 1) As for the interior dimensions, the question is removed for now. Removed prior to measurement results. And externally, if you compare Kalina and Priora, Kalina will be smaller.
2) Are there less noisy castles in Kalina? Do you constantly slam doors? No. This question is past.
3) Priora leaks and floods the interior when it rains, but not in Kalina? If it's leaking, it's not leaking through the door seals. You need to look for the source of the leak and seal it with sealant.
4) In Kalina, the engine injection controller is located under the radiator of the river. The radiator leaked, water got inside the controller, and the controller burned out. The controller must be dismantled and put aside.
5) There is no armrest in Kalina. There is no desire to farm incomprehensible crap like an armster.
6) In Kalina, the door stops are not in the form of a frog, as in the classic basin and chisels, but are built into the door locks. The contacts have oxidized, the door lock needs to be replaced. Locks for Kalina, and spare parts for it in general (in Moscow), are still in short supply.
Here are the main disadvantages besides design, and why I prefer Priora.
Re: Now let's look at Kalina's shortcomings > 1) About the interior dimensions, the question is removed for now. Removed prior to measurement results. And externally, if you compare Kalina and Priora, Kalina will be smaller. === Do you drive inside the car or outside? What good is the size on the outside to me if the inside is cramped.
> 2) Are there less noisy castles in Kalina? Do you constantly slam doors? No. This question is past. === Well, if you get into the car without opening the door, then you really don’t care.
> 3) Priora leaks and floods the interior when it rains, but not in Kalina? If it's leaking, it's not leaking through the door seals. You need to look for the source of the leak and seal it with sealant. === Well, you have to look in the Priora, no in Kalina.
> 4) In Kalina, the engine injection controller is located under the radiator of the river. The radiator leaked, water got inside the controller, and the controller burned out. The controller must be dismantled and put aside. === Well, whoever needs it, let him endure it. I don't need it.
> 5) There is no armrest in Kalina. There is no desire to farm incomprehensible crap like an armster. === This issue has been discussed. This is from the topic about markers
> 6) In Kalina, the door limit switches are not in the form of a frog, as in classic basins and chisels, but are built into the door locks. The contacts have oxidized, the door lock needs to be replaced. Locks for Kalina, and spare parts for it in general (in Moscow), are still in short supply. ===A lot of your limit switches in Kalina have oxidized?
